diff --git a/lib/adapters/http.js b/lib/adapters/http.js
index 58ebfa4a..cf3d164f 100755
--- a/lib/adapters/http.js
+++ b/lib/adapters/http.js
@@ -48,6 +48,11 @@ const { http: httpFollow, https: httpsFollow } = followRedirects;
 
 const isHttps = /https:?/;
 
+// Symbols used to bind a single 'error' listener to a pooled socket and track
+// the request currently owning that socket across keep-alive reuse (issue #10780).
+const kAxiosSocketListener = Symbol('axios.http.socketListener');
+const kAxiosCurrentReq = Symbol('axios.http.currentReq');
+
 const supportedProtocols = platform.protocols.map((protocol) => {
   return protocol + ':';
 });
@@ -943,20 +948,28 @@ export default isHttpAdapterSupported &&
         // default interval of sending ack packet is 1 minute
         socket.setKeepAlive(true, 1000 * 60);
 
-        const removeSocketErrorListener = () => {
-          socket.removeListener('error', handleRequestSocketError);
-        };
-
-        function handleRequestSocketError(err) {
-          removeSocketErrorListener();
-
-          if (!req.destroyed) {
-            req.destroy(err);
-          }
+        // Install a single 'error' listener per socket (not per request) to avoid
+        // accumulating listeners on pooled keep-alive sockets that get reassigned
+        // to new requests before the previous request's 'close' fires (issue #10780).
+        // The listener is bound to the socket's currently-active request via a
+        // symbol, which is swapped as the socket is reassigned.
+        if (!socket[kAxiosSocketListener]) {
+          socket.on('error', function handleSocketError(err) {
+            const current = socket[kAxiosCurrentReq];
+            if (current && !current.destroyed) {
+              current.destroy(err);
+            }
+          });
+          socket[kAxiosSocketListener] = true;
         }
 
-        socket.on('error', handleRequestSocketError);
-        req.once('close', removeSocketErrorListener);
+        socket[kAxiosCurrentReq] = req;
+
+        req.once('close', function clearCurrentReq() {
+          if (socket[kAxiosCurrentReq] === req) {
+            socket[kAxiosCurrentReq] = null;
+          }
+        });
       });
 
       // Handle request timeout
diff --git a/tests/unit/adapters/http.test.js b/tests/unit/adapters/http.test.js
index f34ce6f2..69069147 100644
--- a/tests/unit/adapters/http.test.js
+++ b/tests/unit/adapters/http.test.js
@@ -4079,6 +4079,120 @@ describe('supports http with nodejs', () => {
   });
 
   describe('keep-alive', () => {
+    it('should not emit MaxListenersExceededWarning under concurrent requests through a pooled keep-alive agent (regression #10780)', async () => {
+      const server = await startHTTPServer(
+        (req, res) => {
+          // Small delay forces concurrent requests to queue on the single pooled socket.
+          setTimeout(() => {
+            res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/plain' });
+            res.end('ok');
+          }, 5);
+        },
+        { port: SERVER_PORT }
+      );
+
+      const warnings = [];
+      const warningHandler = (warning) => {
+        if (warning && warning.name === 'MaxListenersExceededWarning') {
+          warnings.push(warning);
+        }
+      };
+      process.on('warning', warningHandler);
+
+      const agent = new http.Agent({ keepAlive: true, maxSockets: 1 });
+
+      try {
+        const baseURL = `http://localhost:${server.address().port}`;
+        const CONCURRENCY = 30;
+
+        const results = await Promise.all(
+          Array.from({ length: CONCURRENCY }, (_, i) =>
+            axios.get(`/req-${i}`, { baseURL, httpAgent: agent })
+          )
+        );
+
+        assert.strictEqual(results.length, CONCURRENCY);
+        for (const r of results) {
+          assert.strictEqual(r.status, 200);
+          assert.strictEqual(r.data, 'ok');
+        }
+
+        // Allow any deferred process 'warning' emissions to flush.
+        await setTimeoutAsync(50);
+
+        assert.strictEqual(
+          warnings.length,
+          0,
+          `expected no MaxListenersExceededWarning, got ${warnings.length}: ${warnings.map((w) => w.message).join('; ')}`
+        );
+
+        // Inspect live sockets on the agent: none should have more than one
+        // axios-installed error listener, regardless of how many requests ran.
+        const allSockets = []
+          .concat(...Object.values(agent.sockets || {}))
+          .concat(...Object.values(agent.freeSockets || {}));
+        for (const sock of allSockets) {
+          assert.ok(
+            sock.listenerCount('error') <= 2,
+            `socket should have at most a couple of error listeners (agent + axios), got ${sock.listenerCount('error')}`
+          );
+        }
+      } finally {
+        process.removeListener('warning', warningHandler);
+        agent.destroy();
+        await stopHTTPServer(server);
+      }
+    }, 30000);
+
+    it('should not leak memory via retained request closures under a long burst of keep-alive requests (regression #10780)', async () => {
+      // This guards against stage88's report of OOM at ~480k sequential requests:
+      // if the per-request closure leaked, heap would grow linearly. We simulate
+      // a shorter burst and verify retained closures are released (via WeakRef
+      // reachability check after GC, if exposed).
+      if (typeof global.gc !== 'function') {
+        // Skip when GC is not exposed (run with `node --expose-gc`).
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const server = await startHTTPServer(
+        (req, res) => {
+          res.writeHead(200);
+          res.end('ok');
+        },
+        { port: SERVER_PORT }
+      );
+
+      const agent = new http.Agent({ keepAlive: true, maxSockets: 4 });
+
+      try {
+        const baseURL = `http://localhost:${server.address().port}`;
+
+        const refs = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < 200; i += 1) {
+          // eslint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop
+          const response = await axios.get('/', { baseURL, httpAgent: agent });
+          refs.push(new WeakRef(response.request));
+        }
+
+        // Drop strong refs and force GC.
+        global.gc();
+        await setTimeoutAsync(10);
+        global.gc();
+
+        const retained = refs.filter((r) => r.deref() !== undefined).length;
+        // Some trailing requests may still be referenced in internal buffers.
+        // The fix's correctness: retained count scales with agent socket count,
+        // NOT with request count. A pre-fix leak would keep >>socket count.
+        assert.ok(
+          retained <= 20,
+          `expected most request objects to be collectible after GC; ${retained}/200 retained suggests a closure leak`
+        );
+      } finally {
+        agent.destroy();
+        await stopHTTPServer(server);
+      }
+    }, 30000);
+
     it('should not fail with "socket hang up" when using timeouts', async () => {
       const server = await startHTTPServer(
         async (req, res) => {
@@ -4100,7 +4214,7 @@ describe('supports http with nodejs', () => {
       }
     }, 15000);
 
-    it('should remove request socket error listeners after keep-alive requests close', async () => {
+    it('should install at most one socket error listener across reused keep-alive sockets', async () => {
       const noop = () => {};
       const socket = new EventEmitter();
       socket.setKeepAlive = noop;
@@ -4146,19 +4260,210 @@ describe('supports http with nodejs', () => {
         },
       };
 
+      // First request: axios installs its single per-socket listener.
       await axios.get('http://example.com/first', {
         transport,
         maxRedirects: 0,
       });
       await setTimeoutAsync(0);
-      assert.strictEqual(socket.listenerCount('error'), baseErrorListenerCount);
+      assert.strictEqual(
+        socket.listenerCount('error'),
+        baseErrorListenerCount + 1,
+        'axios should install exactly one socket error listener'
+      );
 
-      await axios.get('http://example.com/second', {
-        transport,
-        maxRedirects: 0,
-      });
+      // Many subsequent requests reusing the same socket must not add more listeners.
+      for (let i = 0; i < 20; i += 1) {
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop
+        await axios.get(`http://example.com/next-${i}`, {
+          transport,
+          maxRedirects: 0,
+        });
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop
+        await setTimeoutAsync(0);
+        assert.strictEqual(
+          socket.listenerCount('error'),
+          baseErrorListenerCount + 1,
+          'listener count must stay constant across keep-alive reuse'
+        );
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('should not accumulate socket error listeners when a pooled socket is reassigned before the previous request closes (regression #10780)', async () => {
+      const noop = () => {};
+      const socket = new EventEmitter();
+      socket.setKeepAlive = noop;
+      socket.on('error', noop);
+
+      const baseErrorListenerCount = socket.listenerCount('error');
+
+      // Each request defers its 'close' emission so that the socket is
+      // reassigned to the next request before the previous one closes.
+      // This reproduces the race condition described in #10780.
+      const pendingRequests = [];
+
+      const transport = {
+        request(_, cb) {
+          const req = new (class MockRequest extends EventEmitter {
+            constructor() {
+              super();
+              this.destroyed = false;
+            }
+
+            setTimeout() {}
+            write() {}
+
+            end() {
+              // Share the single pooled socket across every request.
+              this.emit('socket', socket);
+
+              setImmediate(() => {
+                const response = stream.Readable.from(['ok']);
+                response.statusCode = 200;
+                response.headers = {};
+                cb(response);
+                // Intentionally do NOT emit 'close' yet. Collect the req
+                // so close can be emitted later, after other reqs have
+                // already claimed the socket.
+                pendingRequests.push(this);
+              });
+            }
+
+            destroy(err) {
+              if (this.destroyed) return;
+              this.destroyed = true;
+              err && this.emit('error', err);
+              this.emit('close');
+            }
+          })();
+
+          return req;
+        },
+      };
+
+      const results = await Promise.all(
+        Array.from({ length: 20 }, (_, i) =>
+          axios.get(`http://example.com/concurrent-${i}`, {
+            transport,
+            maxRedirects: 0,
+          })
+        )
+      );
+
+      assert.strictEqual(results.length, 20);
+
+      // Critical assertion: despite 20 concurrent requests all claiming the
+      // same pooled socket before any emitted 'close', only ONE axios listener
+      // must be attached. This is the difference between the pre-fix
+      // behaviour (20 listeners, MaxListenersExceededWarning) and the fix.
+      assert.strictEqual(
+        socket.listenerCount('error'),
+        baseErrorListenerCount + 1,
+        `expected a single axios socket error listener under concurrent reuse, got ${socket.listenerCount('error') - baseErrorListenerCount}`
+      );
+
+      // Now drain the queued close events. Listener count must still be 1.
+      for (const req of pendingRequests) {
+        req.emit('close');
+      }
       await setTimeoutAsync(0);
-      assert.strictEqual(socket.listenerCount('error'), baseErrorListenerCount);
+
+      assert.strictEqual(
+        socket.listenerCount('error'),
+        baseErrorListenerCount + 1,
+        'listener must persist on the socket after requests close (cleanup is per-request ownership, not per-listener removal)'
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should route a socket error to the currently-active request after the socket has been reassigned', async () => {
+      const noop = () => {};
+      const socket = new EventEmitter();
+      socket.setKeepAlive = noop;
+      socket.on('error', noop);
+
+      const createdReqs = [];
+
+      // First transport: completes cleanly (emits response then close).
+      const cleanTransport = {
+        request(_, cb) {
+          const emitter = new (class MockRequest extends EventEmitter {
+            constructor() {
+              super();
+              this.destroyed = false;
+              createdReqs.push(this);
+            }
+            setTimeout() {}
+            write() {}
+            end() {
+              this.emit('socket', socket);
+              setImmediate(() => {
+                const response = stream.Readable.from(['ok']);
+                response.statusCode = 200;
+                response.headers = {};
+                cb(response);
+                this.emit('close');
+              });
+            }
+            destroy(err) {
+              if (this.destroyed) return;
+              this.destroyed = true;
+              err && this.emit('error', err);
+              this.emit('close');
+            }
+          })();
+          return emitter;
+        },
+      };
+
+      // Second transport: emits socket error instead of a response.
+      const errorTransport = {
+        request() {
+          const emitter = new (class MockRequest extends EventEmitter {
+            constructor() {
+              super();
+              this.destroyed = false;
+              createdReqs.push(this);
+            }
+            setTimeout() {}
+            write() {}
+            end() {
+              this.emit('socket', socket);
+              setImmediate(() => {
+                socket.emit('error', Object.assign(new Error('boom'), { code: 'EPIPE' }));
+              });
+            }
+            destroy(err) {
+              if (this.destroyed) return;
+              this.destroyed = true;
+              err && this.emit('error', err);
+              this.emit('close');
+            }
+          })();
+          return emitter;
+        },
+      };
+
+      // First request completes successfully; socket is released.
+      await axios.get('http://example.com/first', { transport: cleanTransport, maxRedirects: 0 });
+      await setTimeoutAsync(0);
+
+      const firstReq = createdReqs[0];
+      assert.ok(firstReq && firstReq.destroyed === false, 'first request must not have been destroyed by a socket error');
+
+      // Stray socket error after first req has closed: must not destroy firstReq.
+      socket.emit('error', new Error('stray error after close'));
+      assert.strictEqual(firstReq.destroyed, false, 'socket error after close must not destroy the old request');
+
+      // Second request claims the socket, then its socket errors. It should reject.
+      const err = await axios
+        .get('http://example.com/second', { transport: errorTransport, maxRedirects: 0 })
+        .catch((e) => e);
+
+      assert.ok(err instanceof AxiosError, 'second request should reject with an AxiosError');
+      assert.strictEqual(err.code, 'EPIPE');
+
+      const secondReq = createdReqs[1];
+      assert.strictEqual(secondReq.destroyed, true, 'second request should be destroyed by its own active socket error');
     });
   });