Always use bound parameters

PostgreSQL has two string syntaxes, one that allows backslash escapes and one
that does not (SQL standard conforming strings). By default PostgreSQL uses
standard conforming strings. QuoteString was only designed for use with
standard conforming strings. If PostgreSQL was configured with certain
combinations of the standard_conforming_strings and backslash_quote settings,
QuoteString may not correctly sanitize strings. QuoteString was only used in
unprepared queries, bound parameters are used for prepared queries.

This commit alters pgx to use always use bound parameters.

As a consequence of never doing string interpolation there is no need to have
separate Text and Binary encoders. There is now only the Encoder interface.

This change had a negative effect on the performance of simple unprepared
queries, but prepared statements should already be used for performance.

fixes #26

https://github.com/jackc/pgx/issues/26

query_test.go

@@ -331,12 +331,16 @@ func TestQueryPreparedEncodeError(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// Ensure that an argument that implements TextEncoder, but not BinaryEncoder
-// works when the parameter type is a core type.
-type coreTextEncoder struct{}
+// Ensure that an argument that implements Encoder works when the parameter type
+// is a core type.
+type coreEncoder struct{}
 
-func (n *coreTextEncoder) EncodeText() (string, byte, error) {
-	return "42", pgx.SafeText, nil
+func (n coreEncoder) FormatCode() int16 { return pgx.TextFormatCode }
+
+func (n *coreEncoder) Encode(w *pgx.WriteBuf, oid pgx.Oid) error {
+	w.WriteInt32(int32(2))
+	w.WriteBytes([]byte("42"))
+	return nil
 }
 
 func TestQueryPreparedEncodeCoreTextFormatError(t *testing.T) {
@@ -348,7 +352,7 @@ func TestQueryPreparedEncodeCoreTextFormatError(t *testing.T) {
 	mustPrepare(t, conn, "testTranscode", "select $1::integer")
 
 	var n int32
-	err := conn.QueryRow("testTranscode", &coreTextEncoder{}).Scan(&n)
+	err := conn.QueryRow("testTranscode", &coreEncoder{}).Scan(&n)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Unexpected conn.QueryRow error: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -473,7 +477,7 @@ func TestQueryRowUnpreparedErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		scanArgs  []interface{}
 		err       string
 	}{
-		{"select $1", []interface{}{"Jack"}, []interface{}{&actual.i16}, "Expected type oid 21 but received type oid 705"},
+		{"select $1", []interface{}{"Jack"}, []interface{}{&actual.i16}, "could not determine data type of parameter $1 (SQLSTATE 42P18)"},
 		{"select $1::badtype", []interface{}{"Jack"}, []interface{}{&actual.i16}, `type "badtype" does not exist`},
 		{"SYNTAX ERROR", []interface{}{}, []interface{}{&actual.i16}, "SQLSTATE 42601"},
 	}