hooks: Recursively search embedded fields for methods (#494)

* hooks: Recursively search embedded fields for methods

Follow up to #493 and 840220c

Kong currently supports hooks on embedded fields of a parsed node,
but only at the first level of embedding:

```
type mainCmd struct {
    FooOptions
}

type FooOptions struct {
    BarOptions
}

func (f *FooOptions) BeforeApply() error {
    // this will be called
}

type BarOptions struct {
}

func (b *BarOptions) BeforeApply() error {
    // this will not be called
}
```

This change adds support for hooks to be defined
on embedded fields of embedded fields so that the above
example would work as expected.

Per #493, the definition of "embedded" field is adjusted to mean:

- Any anonymous (Go-embedded) field that is exported
- Any non-anonymous field that is tagged with `embed:""`

*Testing*:
Includes a test case for embedding an anonymous field in an `embed:""`
and an `embed:""` field in an anonymous field.

* Use recursion to build up the list of receivers

The 'receivers' parameter helps avoid constant memory allocation
as the backing storage for the slice is reused across recursive calls.

callbacks.go

@@ -77,35 +77,53 @@ func getMethod(value reflect.Value, name string) reflect.Value {
 	return method
 }
 
-// Get methods from the given value and any embedded fields.
+// getMethods gets all methods with the given name from the given value
+// and any embedded fields.
+//
+// Returns a slice of bound methods that can be called directly.
 func getMethods(value reflect.Value, name string) []reflect.Value {
-	// Collect all possible receivers
+	// Traverses embedded fields of the struct
-	receivers := []reflect.Value{value}
+	// starting from the given value to collect all possible receivers
+	// for the given method name.
+	var traverse func(value reflect.Value, receivers []reflect.Value) []reflect.Value
+	traverse = func(value reflect.Value, receivers []reflect.Value) []reflect.Value {
+		// Always consider the current value for hooks.
+		receivers = append(receivers, value)
+
 		if value.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
 			value = value.Elem()
 		}
+
+		// If the current value is a struct, also consider embedded fields.
+		// Two kinds of embedded fields are considered if they're exported:
+		//
+		//   - standard Go embedded fields
+		//   - fields tagged with `embed:""`
 		if value.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
 			t := value.Type()
 			for i := 0; i < value.NumField(); i++ {
-			field := value.Field(i)
+				fieldValue := value.Field(i)
-			fieldType := t.Field(i)
+				field := t.Field(i)
-			if !fieldType.IsExported() {
+
+				if !field.IsExported() {
 					continue
 				}
 
-			// Hooks on exported embedded fields should be called.
+				// Consider a field embedded if it's actually embedded
-			if fieldType.Anonymous {
+				// or if it's tagged with `embed:""`.
-				receivers = append(receivers, field)
+				_, isEmbedded := field.Tag.Lookup("embed")
-				continue
+				isEmbedded = isEmbedded || field.Anonymous
+				if isEmbedded {
+					receivers = traverse(fieldValue, receivers)
+				}
+			}
 		}
 
-			// Hooks on exported fields that are not exported,
+		return receivers
-			// but are tagged with `embed:""` should be called.
-			if _, ok := fieldType.Tag.Lookup("embed"); ok {
-				receivers = append(receivers, field)
-			}
-		}
 	}
+
+	receivers := traverse(value, nil /* receivers */)
+
 	// Search all receivers for methods
 	var methods []reflect.Value
 	for _, receiver := range receivers {

kong_test.go

@@ -2405,6 +2405,8 @@ func TestProviderMethods(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 type EmbeddedCallback struct {
+	Nested NestedCallback `embed:""`
+
 	Embedded bool
 }
 
@@ -2414,6 +2416,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedCallback) AfterApply() error {
 }
 
 type taggedEmbeddedCallback struct {
+	NestedCallback
+
 	Tagged bool
 }
 
@@ -2422,6 +2426,15 @@ func (e *taggedEmbeddedCallback) AfterApply() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+type NestedCallback struct {
+	nested bool
+}
+
+func (n *NestedCallback) AfterApply() error {
+	n.nested = true
+	return nil
+}
+
 type EmbeddedRoot struct {
 	EmbeddedCallback
 	Tagged taggedEmbeddedCallback `embed:""`
@@ -2441,9 +2454,15 @@ func TestEmbeddedCallbacks(t *testing.T) {
 	expected := &EmbeddedRoot{
 		EmbeddedCallback: EmbeddedCallback{
 			Embedded: true,
+			Nested: NestedCallback{
+				nested: true,
+			},
 		},
 		Tagged: taggedEmbeddedCallback{
 			Tagged: true,
+			NestedCallback: NestedCallback{
+				nested: true,
+			},
 		},
 		Root: true,
 	}